FAQ/Antifreeze - seasonal or all-season ...

Here we will try to explain the nature and application of coolant in the vehicles.How to choose the right product when throwing and when to change it?

1. What are the coolants?
Represent a coolant in heat exchange systems.
* Internal combustion engines are not able to operate without cooling. We have 2 types of cooling:
- Liquid-cooled engine;
- Air-cooled engine;
To implement efficient cooling, the liquid must have high specific heat, ie to absorb a large amount of heat in the smallest possible volume. With the best features is the water.

The cooling system is extremely complex system with many components. It contains various materials, operates at variable temperatures, operating at different speeds of circulation.

Studies by the end of 90 years show that on average 7 out of 10 cars contain corrosion and limescale. Over 60% of the water pumps fail due to problems with seals and gaskets. Over 20% of drive system failure due to engine problems with the cooling system. Just 0.6mm of deposits can reduce heat loss by 40%.

All this is a function of maintenance during operation.

2. What are the technical requirements for liquid cooling?
2.1) Liquid, providing efficient heat transfer;
2.2) Able to prevent freezing and overheating;
2.3) Able to protect metal surfaces from corrosion;
2.4) Compatible with plastics and elastomers;
2.5) and chemically stable at low and at high temperatures;
2.6) compatible with hard water;
2.7) Low foaming;
2.8) Clean and free of toxic properties.

CONCLUSION: All these listed above, water can not achieve alone, which in turn rejected the application in pure form in the warmer months.
Currently based antifreeze based on ethylene (EG) and propylene glycol (PG) and balanced package grafts.

Corrosion protection of metal parts
In combustion engines use different metals that need protection. We can list the main ones: iron, cast steel and cast iron, aluminum alloys in the form of cast or stamped parts, copper and brass, and lead-based solders.

The trend of the last 10 years is that traditional copper or brass radiators are also moving away from aluminum radiators with plastic tanks overflow.

Components in the formulation of a package prepared additives must be carefully balanced to ensure the simultaneous protection of the various aluminum, steel, cast iron elements and copper alloy (alloy), brass, as they all can be found in material in the cooling system.

CONCLUSION: Corrosion is a very dangerous enemy of the engine. It knows no season! The water itself is corrosive, which again rejected the application and during the months with positive temperatures.

3. What are the functions of each antifreeze, according to its operational level?
3.1) Fluid performing efficient heat exchange;
3.2) protects all materials - from further corrosion of volume expansion;
3.3) Protection of boiling;
3.4) Protection from freezing;
3.5) Do not damage the environment.

4. Composition of liquid cooling?
Currently on the market are basically two types of antifreeze:
- With mineral supplements - borates, phosphates, nitrites;
- With added organic basis;

Both have added to these inhibitors.
Inhibitor - a substance that acts as a flame process. For antifreeze that is a chemical additive that protects metal from corrosion. The most typical and traditionally used in antifreeze inhibitors include borates, phosphates, benzoates, nitrites, silicates, and merkaptobenzodiazol tolitriazol. Inhibitors should be in sufficient concentration to provide the necessary protection for metals. Quantity required depends on the operating conditions, water is used, the length of periods when operating temperatures.

Additives used in different types of antifreeze and their action:
- Corrosion Inhibitors;
- Stabilisers - prevent the release of inhibitors, stabilizers, etc. silicate
- Dispersantni stabilizer - prevents hard water deposits in
- PH buffer substance - maintaining pH within the desired range
- Anti-foam - controlling foaming
- Paint - Identification

5. Does it matter what color antifreeze to search?
The color is often wrongly associated with the application of the antifreeze.Antifreeze color can be yellow, green, red, blue, even pink. It is important to note that the color does not determine quality indicators! (Same colors - different formulations and vice versa). The color can be an indicator warranty and very often an indicator of tampering!

6. With what antifreeze to fly?
Each based antifreeze is ethylene glycol antifreeze mix with peers of different brands. When mixing the Long life antifreeze with those of lower performance level, the problems come from the fact that the newly formed mixture may occur components that are not safe for the cooling system. So if you do not have your car, please make up with water and throw in service before the winter season. If necessary, add after the measurement of the right product to obtain the desired concentration.

7. Does changing antifreeze or not?
Antifreeze is interchangeable product as well as motor oil. What have his replacement? Since the inhibitors are depleted over time due to its interaction with metals or other substances in the system, antifreeze should be changed periodically.
The overall corrosion and cavitation due to a lack of content in antifriza.Doziraneto inhibitors also have specific and quantifiable impact improper mixture. Content above the permissible lead to the formation of sludge, leaking radiators and overheating. High content of nitrites leads to corrosion of aluminum components.The high concentration of solid particles cause premature wear of water pump.

8. What is the optimum ratio for the cooling system?
Composition of cooling liquids need to provide corrosion protection is one reason why the concentration of antifreeze to maintain 40-50% throughout the year. It is wrong and using only water and driving only concentrate in the cooling system.Ratio of water-antifreeze concentrate?? Improper ratio of water and ethylene glycol can cause deterioration of the cooled and overheating the system. The higher amount of ethylene glycol (antifreeze concentrate) increased the viscosity of coolant and reduces its ability to convey heat. If more water is at risk of frost damage which may be very serious - for example, burst radiator.

9. How to make or change the antifreeze? Are there any specifics?
Yes, of course. Concentrate and water are mixed in advance in an intermediate court and then loaded into the system. This is done because if you pour just pure concentrate, mixing time may not be enough in the system to other areas with water to freeze and hence volume expansion can lead to accidents.
50/50 mixture

10. Is there an optimal mixing ratio?
Our geographical mix is ​​usually 1:1. When it reached the starting temperature of crystallization minus 370S;
Control of water-concentrate ratio (ethylene glycol) is guaranteed by measuring:
- Density of the finished antifreeze;
- Temperature of the onset of boiling;
- Temperature of the onset of crystallization.

11. Can tap water to make antifreeze?
There are different types of antifreeze on the market. Those of higher performance level as OAT antifreeze: PRISTA ANTIFREEZE LONG LIFE and HAVOLINE EXTENDED LIFE ANTIFREEZE COOLANT of Tehaso dispersantni stabilizers are necessary to prevent deposits in hard water. This means that limescale problem will not exist.

12. When and how to check the status of antifreeze?
Apparently we can check coolant level, each lifting the hood. Another check is preventive testing of the fluid with a refractometer before winter. Antifreeze liquid and checks should be carried out at 25-30 0C, and not at much higher temperatures because the readings can be inaccurate.
Optical refractometers are more accurate than pumps so widespread in most shops. Tester must be quality, otherwise the reading is inaccurate and this is reflected in doubt about the quality of the product.

13. What mileage has one antifreeze?
The range depends on the quality and performance requirements that cover a single product. Depending on the brand and type of product we run from 3 to 5 years and 30 to 650 thousand kilometers, and depending on the vehicle. For maximum mileage cars is 250 000 km, if the manufacturer recommends otherwise.

14. G12? What is the antifreeze?
G12 is the short name of the OEM standard VAG group cars. "PRISTA ANTIFREEZE LONG LIFE" and "HAVOLINE EXTENDED LIFE ANTIFREEZE COOLANT" on Tehaso - two products that cover the TL-VW 774 C, D, F and are also known as G12 and G12 + antifreeze.

15. Classifications and specifications. What are these cuts?
All currently in antifreeze standards have set standards on certain parameters:
- ASTM - American Society for Testing and Materials;
- BS - British Standard;
- AFNOR - Association of French rule;
- MIL - Military Standard;
- NATO - Military Standard;
- SAE J **** - Union of American author. engineers
- BDS - Bulgarian State Standard

Only when Antifreeze meets the necessary requirements, the user can be sure that there will be a good working cooling system. Here's how the company looks for antifreeze specifications:

Company specifications for antifreeze
Company Specification
Audi TL-VW 774 C, D
BMW BMW N600 69.0
Cummins 90T84/TMC RP329
JI CASE MS 1710
John Deere JDM H24A1/H24B1/H24C1/H5
Fiat / Iveco 55523 / 1
Ford SSM-97 B 9102 A WSS-M97 B44 - D
IHC B / 1
Mack Tracks 014 GS 17004
MAN MAN 324
Mazda TI 13/82
Mercedes Benz MB 325.0; 325.2; 325.3
Opel B 040 0240 Meets GM QL I30 100
Porsche TL-VW 774 C, D
Renault 2274 A, 2511 A, 2675 A
Saab 6901.599
Scania 0-891027 GT-EN
Seat / Skoda TL-VW 774 C, D
Steyr Daimler Puch N05045
Volvo 128 6083
VW TL-VW 774 C, D


16. Mileage and change intervals?
For "Long Life" antifreeze (OAT) provides reliable protection for:
- 650,000 km (approx. 8000 hours) when used in trucks and buses;
- 250,000 km (2000 hours) for passenger cars;
- 16,000 to 32,000 ppm (Or 6 years) in stationary engines.

Changing the coolant "Long Life" antifreeze is recommended every 5 years or after the elapse of the abovementioned range.
For ordinary antifreeze mileage up to 30,000 km. Or up to 3 years.
Such products are PRISTA ANTIFREEZE ANTIFREEZE CONCENTRATE and Priscilla and VERILA concentrate. These products and their analogues is desirable to use for cars by 2000.